Glossary - SmartFields

From TheSmartField.com

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B

BOP

Blow Out Preventer

BLM

Bureau of Land Management

D

DCS

Distributed Control System. It is a set of controllers, computers, related hardware devices, software and drivers, which form a distributed instrumentation network to monitor and control complex processes in the industry. It was called *distributed* to make a difference to the old *centralized* conventional system in which all processes were controlled in a main computerized controller.

DC/DC Converter

It is a electronic device that converts a main power supply of Direct Current to a lower or higher Direct Current voltage. You can usually see it in cabinets housing different components with different voltage requirements. A special note here is when calculating power consumption for the whole cabinet, specially in limited power systems, it should also consider the power consumption of the converter.

DHSV

Downhole Safety Valve

Direct Hydraulics

It is a type of intelligent well where every interval control valve (ICV) uses a pair of hydraulic control lines to open or close. One lines if for closing the valve and the second line is to open the valve. When using multiple ICVs, one of the lines could be used as common line. That is, if a well has one valve, the number of lines for hydraulic control lines is 2; for two valves is 3; for three valves 4; etc.

Downhole Devices

They could be:

• (i) Interval Control Valves or ICVs;
• (ii) Downhole measurement devices;
• (iii) Signal Splitters;
• (iv) Inline Control Line Filters;

DTS

Distributed Temperature Sensor.

E

Eccentricity

Occurs when the center of the inside diameter of a tubular good differs from the centerline of a second tubular tool.

Ethernet

It is a network topology used to communicate computers. It was originally developed by DEC, Intel and Xerox and supports a maximum throughput of 10 or 100 Mbps.

ESP

Electro-Submersible Pump.

F

Flatpack

It is an encapsulated set of data and control lines to link the downhole tools to the surface equipment. The flatpack can contain hydraulic, electric or fiberoptic lines. The flatpack encapsulation has to be designed to be run into the well and withstand the well conditions: mainly, temperature and well fluids. The flatpack could contain any number of lines and combination of them depending of the application and configuration of the interval control valves and downhole instrumentation tools. Read more ...

FMJ

FMJ is a Halliburton trademark and allegdedly means Full Metal Jacket. It is a special fitting with double seals externally testable up to 10,000 psi. There are two type of FMJs: hydraulic and electric. There are different size of hydraulic FMJs, the most common is 1/4". For electrical connections, there is available the 1/4" FMJ.

FMEA

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

FPSO

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Vessel

FTA

Fault Tree Analysis

H

Hazardous Areas by Cenelec

EExd: flameproof

EExe: Increased Safety

HPU

Hydraulic Power Unit. It is the a surface device that generates the hydraulic power for the hydraulic type of downhole Interval Control Valves (ICVs). It provides the necessary hydraulic power to open or close the valves.

I

ICV

Interval Control Valve

IEC

International Electrotechnical Comission

IS

Intrinsically Safe

Intrinsically Safe Devices

There are three approaches for ISD:

• simple passive devices
• isolated devices
• IS remote I/Os

IR

Insulation Resistance

I-wire

or TEC, is a downhole umbilical with an electric or fiberoptic conductor. The purpose of the i-wire is to connect downhole tools and instrumentation to the surface for control or monitoring, or both. Read more ...

IWIS

Intelligent Well Instrumentation Standardisation

L

LV

Lubricator Valve. Also refers to a ball valve. It uses two control lines to hydraulically power the ball valve to the positions open or close.

N

NCR

Non Conformance Report

NEC

National Electric Code

NEC Division 1

Hazard always or frequently present, or maybe present during normal operation or high probability of hazard existing at the same time as electrical malfunction.

NEC Division 2

Hazard normally not present, or higly unlikely to be present at the same time as electrical malfunction, or area adjacent to Division 1.

NEMA

National Electric Manufacturers Association. Institution looking for the standardization of electrical equipment.

NEMA Classification

These are some of the NEMA Classifications:

* NEMA 7 Class I (gases) Indoor Hazardous Locations, air-break
* NEMA 8 Class I (gases) Indoor/Outdoor Haz Loc, oil-inmersed.
* NEMA 9 Class I (dusts) Indoor Haz Loc.
* NEMA 10 Meets US Bureau of Mines Safety Requirements

O

O.D.

The outside diameter of a tubular good.

OLE

Object Licking and Embedding. Microsoft technology for Microsoft Windows environment and interaction with applications.

OPC

OLE for Process Control

P

PCB

Printed Circuit Board

PDG

Permanent Downhole Gauge. The PDG is a very useful tool used to continuously transmit reservoir data to the surface. The PDG consists of Pressure and Temperature gauges and some electronic conditioning modules. New models of PDGs could carry other type of sensors, like density.

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PDG Simulator

The PDG Simulator is an electronic device that generates similar electric output signals as the ones produced by the PDG. It is used for maintenance and diagnostics purposes. Usually, you connect the PDG simulator to a data acquisition controller or a computer with a data acquisition board.

PLC

Programmable Logic Controller. It is a micropocessor-based controller which main function is to monitor and control the basic activitites of other equipment. In the intelligent well field, it could control and monitor: pressure pumps, motors, solenoid valves, pressures, temperaratures, tank, levels flow rate, etc.

POOH

Pull out off hole

Pressure test

Consists of subjecting tubular goods, at surface, subsea or downhole to a specified hydraulic or pneumatic internal pressure to detect leaks, defects or weaknesses in the tube walls, threads or a make-up.

Pressure Transmitters

They are pressure sensors with their electronic digital modules embedded in the same enclosure. The pressure transmitters present in the SDACS are located inside the HPU. They measure, for instance, the recirculation pressure, the pressure output at the high pressure pump and the output pressures to the interval control valves.

R

Real Time

We use the term Real-Time in contraposition to the well known Downhole Gauge Recorders or Memory Gauges that used to store pressure and temperatures in a memory bank backed up by batteries. The Real-Time data coming out of downhole, subsea or surface devices provides of the most current data to the operator. Now, Real-Time does not necessarily means instantaneous; some oilfield parameters will need to be acquired and processed faster than others, but the process itself makes data available in shorter times than other data acquisition methods available.

RTU

Remote Terminal Unit. A microprocessor based controller ideal to monitor and control oilfield facilities. Read more...

RIH

Running In Hole

S

SAM

Sensor Actuator Module. Terms used for some electronic-based downhole tools. Primarily, it contains pressure and temperature sensor components. It could also carry actuation devices such as solenoid valves or electric actuators.

SBC

Single Board Computer

SmartWell

A SmartWell, (a Halliburton trademark), is a well which by means of an external source: electrical, electronic, pneumatic, or hydraulic power, can change its downhole architecture without needing conventional well intervention or without pulling out any equipment from the well.

SCADA

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.

SCRAMS

A Haliburton trademark that means Surface Controlled Reservoir Analysis and Management System. It consists of a set of downhole tools and surface software for data acquisition and control.

SCU

Surface Control Unit

SDACS

Surface Data Acquisition and Control System. It is another acronym to refer to the surface control equipment. It is the surface part of the intelligent well, excluding the production hardware. It could contain the power unit for the downhole tools, the data acquisition equipment, computers, controllers, cables, cabinets, software, etc.

SJ

Shear Joint

Spooling Unit

It is a mechanical piece of equipment used to run the flatpack into the well. The spooling unit consists of the drum shaft, shaft rotary unit, operating controller and frame. The most common units need an external source of power, hydraulic or pneumatic, but some units come with their own power system.

SSD

Sliding Sleeve Door valve

SSGI

Subsurface Gauge Interface Card. It's an electronic card that acts as an interface between the main the permanent dowhole gauges and a computer or controller located at the surface.

SSI

Subsea Interface. This could be a card, a module or a controller that is located next to the subsea tree and could be used to:

• convert communication protocols
• condition signals to the surface
• split or regroup signals from downhole tools.

T

Target Pressure

It is the desired hydraulic system presssure that will be used to move the interval control valves. This target pressure can be set from the SCADA application or from the surface controller. The automatic system, once the target pressure is set, will try to reach that pressure and run the pressure pump if necessary.

TCP/IP

Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. It is a communication protocol widely used to communicate computers to form from small to large networks.

TDR

Time Domain Reflectometer

TEC

Tubing Encapsulated Conductor. Also called I-Wire.

TH

Tubing Hanger

THHT

Tubing Hanger Handling Tool

THRT

Tubing Hanger Running Tool

TRSSSV

Tubing Retrievable Subsurface Safety Valve